Executive Summary Laminitis is not a single disease. It is a structural failure syndrome of the lamellar interface with multiple upstream drivers. Two major categories—endocrinopathic laminitis and sepsis-related laminitis—represent fundamentally…
Executive Summary Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) is a complex metabolic disorder in horses characterized primarily by insulin dysregulation, increased risk of metabolic laminitis, and often—but not always—regional adiposity. While insulin…
Executive Summary Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is best understood as a management-driven condition rather than an unpredictable disease process (Sykes et al., 2015). Horses secrete gastric acid continuously, and…
Executive Summary Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is now widely recognized as a complex, whole-gut disorder rather than a condition driven solely by excess stomach acid (Sykes et al., 2015;…
Executive Summary Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS), also referred to as equine ulcer syndrome or equine ulcer disease, is among the most prevalent causes of chronic digestive discomfort in modern…
